Conservative

N.D.Ga.: Merely blocking a car doesn't per se constitute a seizure

FourthAmendment.com - News - Thu, 2024-11-28 04:53

Under Miller v. Harget, 458 F.3d 1251 (11th Cir. 2006), a police car pulling behind defendant’s car did not per se effect a seizure without more, such as lights and officers’ aggressive actions. United States v. Flores-Uriostegui, 2012 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 71162 (N.D. Ga. May 22, 2012):

Based on these facts, the Eleventh Circuit held that "[c]onsidering the fact that the first contact between [the suspect] and [the officer] did not occur until [the suspect] lowered the window, the fact that [the officer] pulled up behind [the suspect] and turned on his 'window lights' does not demonstrate that [the suspect] was coercively detained." Id. at 1258.

The facts here are similar to the relevant circumstances in Miller. In both instances, the officers pulled their marked patrol car behind a suspect's vehicle in such a way that the suspect could not leave. Unlike the officer in the Miller case, however, Officers Gray and Turman did not turn on their "window lights" or otherwise alert defendants to their presence. Thus, their approach was less intrusive than was the Miller officer's approach. There is also nothing in the record to suggest that the delay here between the parking of the patrol car and the approach of defendants' vehicle was anything other than "extremely brief." Perhaps most important to the Miller court's analysis was the absence of any display of authority prior to approaching the vehicle. Like the law enforcement official in Miller, Officers Gray and Turman did not draw their guns, give any directions to defendants, or activate their patrol car lights before approaching the vehicle.

Onetime top Calif. football prospect exonerated

LONG BEACH, Calif. (AP) — The kidnap-rape conviction of a once-promising prep football star was dismissed Thursday following a recantation by his accuser.

Brian Banks collapsed in sobs on the counsel table during a court hearing where a prosecutor quickly conceded the decade-old case and moved for the dismissal.

In ...

N.J. finds NYPD Muslim surveillance is legal

TRENTON, N.J. — New York City police did not violate New Jersey laws when they conducted surveillance of Muslim businesses, mosques and student groups, Gov. Chris Christie's administration said Thursday following a three-month review, rejecting demands by Muslim leaders for a formal investigation and a clampdown on cross-border police operations.

...

Aerial Drones Patrolling the Border

TruthNews.US - News - Thu, 2024-11-28 04:53
KVIA ABC-7 | 'Predators can fly up to 18 hours straight. Each unmanned aircraft costs $18.5 million dollars and some critics question their cost effectiveness.'

Feds: Sex trafficking ring used Backpage.com ads

IOWA CITY, Iowa — A nationwide sex trafficking ring run by a violent pimp and his associates used Backpage.com to solicit customers for prostitutes as young as age 17, advertising the women as "smokin' hot babes," according to a federal indictment recently unsealed in Iowa.

A 50-page indictment alleges a ...

Forecasters: 9 to 15 storms in 2012 hurricane season

MIAMI (AP) — U.S. forecasters predicted Thursday that this year's Atlantic hurricane season would produce a normal number of about nine to 15 tropical storms, with as many as four to eight of those becoming hurricanes.

The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration released its initial outlook for the six-month ...

CBSDC: "Groups Concerned Over Arming Of Domestic Drones"

FourthAmendment.com - News - Thu, 2024-11-28 04:53

CBSDC: Groups Concerned Over Arming Of Domestic Drones:

With the use of domestic drones increasing, concern has not just come up over privacy issues, but also over the potential use of lethal force by the unmanned aircraft.

Drones have been used overseas to target and kill high-level terror leaders and are also being used along the U.S.-Mexico border in the battle against illegal immigration. But now, these drones are starting to be used domestically at an increasing rate.

Idaho town seeks to lure gun and ammo makers

POTLATCH, Idaho (AP) — This small community in the forested, western foothills of the Rocky Mountains was created as a company town to house workers for the nation's largest white pine sawmill, and its tidy homes and straight, tree-lined streets are a testament to its planners.

But the town has ...

E.D.Ky.: Warrantless pre-Jones GPS surveillance was subject to the exclusionary rule and no GFE because of no binding circuit precedent

FourthAmendment.com - News - Thu, 2024-11-28 04:53

Warrantless GPS tracking before Jones was a fishing expedition, and, “[i]n this case, the DEA agents had their fishing poles out to catch Lee.” The exclusionary rule had to apply, and the good faith exception would not be applied for lack of binding precedent in the circuit. United States v. Lee, 2012 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 71204 (E.D. Ky. May 22, 2012):

Finally, the "purpose and flagrancy of the official misconduct" weighs against attenuation. Brown, 422 U.S. at 604. This last factor is often the "most important," United States v. Shaw, 464 F.3d 615, 630 (6th Cir. 2006), because "[t]he primary focus of attenuation analysis is whether or not the deterrent purpose of the exclusionary rule is served by suppression," United States v. Gray, 491 F.3d 138, 155 (4th Cir. 2007) (Wilkinson, J.). Although the DEA agents' misconduct was not flagrant, the Sixth Circuit has explained that police officers act with an unlawful purpose when they perform an "investigatory" search, that is, "when officers unlawfully seize a defendant "in the hope that something might turn up.'" United States v. Williams, 615 F.3d 657, 670 (6th Cir. 2010) (quoting Brown, 422 U.S. at 605); see also Shaw, 464 F.3d at 631 (noting that "Brown made it clear that the requisite "quality of purposefulness' can be demonstrated when the [misconduct], in design and execution, is investigatory in nature"). The Seventh Circuit agrees that an illegal search has an unlawful purpose when it is "undertaken in an effort to advance the investigation or to embark on a fishing expedition." United States v. Reed, 349 F.3d 457, 465 (7th Cir. 2003).

In this case, the DEA agents had their fishing poles out to catch Lee. Admittedly, the agents did not intend to break the law. But they installed a GPS device on Lee's car without a warrant "in the hope that something might turn up." Williams, 615 F.3d at 670. (quoting Brown, 422 U.S. at 605). When suspicious behavior did, in fact, turn up, they alerted the Kentucky State Police. By doing so, they set in motion a chain of events that ended with Lee's arrest. Their unlawful purpose means that the third attenuation factor also weighs in favor of suppression.

Moreover, the Gross panel pointed out that allowing "post-hoc rationalization" by police would create the "perverse" incentive for police officers to detain any individual going about their daily routines in the hope of turning up an outstanding warrant. Gross, 662 F.3d at 405. The same perverse incentive is present here: if Lee's seatbelt violation were an intervening circumstance, police could install tracking devices with impunity so long as they waited until the subject of their surveillance commits a minor traffic violation. Accord Maryland v. Wilson, 519 U.S. 408, 423 (1997) (Kennedy, J., dissenting) (describing the "almost countless circumstances" that allow the police to stop a vehicle). At that point, the police could stop them and search for evidence of illegal activity. Thus, the Court agrees with Judge Ingram that the police misconduct was guided by an impermissible purpose. See R. 33 at 16. Because none of the three factors favor attenuation, the Court must suppress all evidence that derived from Metzger's illegal search, including the traffic stop, the search of Lee's car, and his subsequent confession.

. . .

This Court is also not the first district court to confront the question of whether to apply the good-faith exception after Jones. In the Ninth Circuit, where binding circuit precedent authorized warrantless GPS monitoring, three district courts have applied the good-faith exception to defeat the defendant's motion to suppress. United States v. Aquilar, No. 4:11-cr-298-BLW, 2012 WL 1600276, at *2 (D. Idaho May 7, 2012); United States v. Leon, No. CR 09-00452, 2012 WL 1081962, at *3 (D. Haw. Mar. 28, 2012); United States v. Nwobi, No. CR 10-952(C)GHK-7, 2012 WL 769746, at *3 (C.D. Cal. Mar. 7, 2012). A district court in the Eighth Circuit did the same, also holding that the officer's reliance on binding circuit precedent triggered the good-faith exception. United States v. Amaya, No. CR-11-4065-MWB, 2012 WL 1188456, at *7-8 (N.D. Iowa Apr. 10, 2012). But in the Third Circuit, where there was no appellate ruling on warrantless GPS tracking, one district court refused to extend the good-faith exception. United States v. Katzin, No. 11-226, 2012 WL 1646894, at *9-10 (E.D. Pa. May 9, 2012). Applying the good-faith exception in the absence of binding appellate precedent would, in that court's eyes, "effectively eviscerate the exclusionary rule." Id. at *9. If law enforcement could "rely on non-binding authority, particularly in the face of other, contrary non-binding authority," officers would "beg forgiveness rather than ask permission in ambiguous situations involving ... basic civil rights." Id.

See Wired.com: Pot Prosecution Goes Up in Smoke Due to Warrantless GPS Tracking by Kim Zetter.

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